Artificial Intelligence in Medicine - AI Publishing

The requirements for disclosing the use of AI in major journal articles or book publications can vary depending on the publisher, the field of study, and the specific guidelines they follow. However, there are some common considerations and trends:

1. Transparency and Disclosure: Many publishers require authors to disclose the use of AI or any other computational methods in their research. This includes providing information about the specific AI algorithms or models used, the parameters, training data, and any other relevant details that may affect the interpretation or reproducibility of the results.

2. Methods Section: Authors typically include details about the use of AI in the methods section of their articles or books. This may involve describing how AI was employed, including preprocessing steps, training procedures, and any adjustments made to the algorithms or models.

3. Reproducibility: Some publishers may emphasize the importance of reproducibility in AI research. Authors may be required to provide access to the code, data, or trained models used in their study to allow other researchers to verify the findings.

4. Ethical Considerations: Publishers may expect authors to address ethical considerations related to the use of AI, such as data privacy, bias, fairness, and potential societal impacts. Authors may need to discuss how these factors were addressed in their research.

5. Acknowledgments: Authors may be asked to acknowledge any funding sources or collaborations related to the use of AI in their research. This includes grants, fellowships, or partnerships with AI research institutions or companies.

6. Journal or Publisher Guidelines: It's essential for authors to review the specific guidelines provided by the journal or publisher they intend to submit their work to. These guidelines often include instructions for disclosing the use of AI and other computational methods, as well as formatting requirements for citations and references.

Overall, the key requirement is to provide clear and transparent information about the use of AI in research publications, enabling readers to understand how AI was employed and assess the validity and reliability of the findings.

Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals, updated January 2024
International Committee of Medical Journal Editors

"Artificial Intelligence (AI)–Assisted Technology" II.A.4

At submission, the journal should require authors to disclose whether they used artificial intelligence (AI)– assisted technologies (such as Large Language Models [LLMs], chatbots, or image creators) in the production of submitted work. Authors who use such technology should describe, in both the cover letter and the submitted work, how they used it. Chatbots (such as ChatGPT) should not be listed as authors because they cannot be responsible for the accuracy, integrity, and originality of the work, and these responsibilities are required for  authorship (see Section II.A.1). Therefore, humans are responsible for any submitted material that included the use of AI-assisted technologies. Authors should carefully review and edit the result because AI can generate authoritative-sounding output that can be incorrect, incomplete, or biased. Authors should not list AI and AI-assisted technologies as an author or co-author, nor cite AI as an author. Authors should be able to assert that there is no plagiarism in their paper, including in text and images produced by the AI. Humans must ensure there is appropriate attribution of all quoted material, including full citations.

The American Psychological Association (APA)'s current policies on generative AI are that when a generative AI model is used in the drafting of a manuscript for an APA publication, the use of AI must be disclosed in the methods section and cited, AI cannot be named as an author and when AI is cited in an APA scholarly publication, the author must employ the software citation template, which includes specifying in the methods section how, when, and to what extent AI was used. Authors in APA publications are required to upload the full output of the AI as supplemental material. For more information see the APA Publishing Policies.